​Air Conditioning
 
I blame air conditioning.
 
When considering the technological innovations that have significantly impacted on our national and our personal way of life we usually mention the telephone, radio, TV and the internet or perhaps the automobile and the airplane. But in many essential ways air conditioning transformed the nation in profound ways facilitating dramatic demographic shifts, contributing to widespread environmental damage and fostering fundamental social and political changes.


How did air conditioning affect these changes? It was air conditioning that made much of the southern United States truly habitable for the first time. From the oppressive heat and humidity of the southeast along the Atlantic and Gulf Coast to the burning deserts of the Southwest air conditioning made work and daily living not just tolerable but increasingly desirable.


From the 1920's and into the 1970's African Americans fled North in large numbers to escape Jim Crow oppression and the lack of educational and job opportunities. This was the famous Great Migration where an estimated 6 million people left the South. Less attention has been paid to migration of even larger numbers of mostly whites to the South that has occurred more recently.  Prior to the availability of air conditioning the population of Florida was less than one million (1920).  By 1950 it had barely exceeded 2.5 million but by 1990 it was 13 million.  Today it is 21 million.  Such growth would have been impossible without air conditioning.  Arizona and Texas experienced similar explosive growth.  Despite oil money it is unlikely that hot, humid Huston would be on the verge of becoming the nation's third largest city without ubiquitous "refrigerated air".
 
Retirees and others went south for the milder winter weather but air conditioning also allowed businesses to operate in the South spurring job growth in banking, auto production and many other Industries. This version of white flight made the South richer and whiter. This and the Civil Rights Movement drove a complete political realignment. Richard Nixon's southern strategy, continued by Reagan, converted the south from solidly Democratic in the New Deal era to solidly Republican for the last 50 years. The large growth in population fueled rising political power since the south experienced a commensurate increase in Congressional representation. The effective use of this political power at the state and national level coupled with gerrymandering and voter suppression has created a political landscape that is disproportionately dominated by white conservatives.
 
This was perhaps the largest and most rapid demographic and political change in US history. The explosive population growth in places like Texas, Arizona and Southern California also fueled immigration. Labor especially, cheap labor, was needed in the fields to feed the growing population and to build houses, care for yards and kids and numerous other jobs.
 
Air conditionings impact was not limited to the South. It was air conditioning along with the elevator that made possible glass and steel skyscrapers with windows that never open and high-rise apartments and condos where people live in comfort regardless of the weather and the surroundings.


And the environmental devastation? Most directly air conditioning requires a lot of power which translates to burning fossil fuels, diverting rivers, building dams and power plants to generate electricity. In addition, all that cooling generates a lot of heat.  Stand outside in the exhaust of a window air conditioner and feel the heat.  Multiply that times all the air conditioners large and small and you can understand how they contribute to the warming micro-climates in cities.  Secondarily, all those people need places to live and work and shop so, for example, Florida is mostly bulldozed and paved. Water is diverted from the Everglades and cars and roads sprawl. In the West water drives everything. Rivers are bottled up and water piped to homes, businesses and the mega-industrial farms. The landscape is fundamentally altered and the climate changed. Aquifers are pumped dry, rivers are merely irrigation ditches and drought and wildfires spread uncontrollably.
 
All this is a self reinforcing cycle.  The continuing population growth in the warmer parts of the country results in more building, more businesses, more transportation - cars, trucks, trains and planes - more air conditioning and more heat which in turns needs more air conditioning, more power, more everything.  And as the climate warms more of the country needs air conditioning.  Today nearly 90 per cent of US households rely on air conditioning.
 
Most of the country has experienced a long hot summer.  Our air conditioners have been working overtime to make it all tolerable and at the same time adding to the heat.  The cure is also the disease.

Hating Freedom

I had not intended to write about guns anymore. The killings go on endlessly. Every day 93 people on average die from guns in the US. Most go un-noticed and are accepted as normal in this country. Oh, we express outrage and grief over the mass killings that garner national media attention but within a few days it all returns to normal. Just a ritual that we play out. Sort of like going to church – well, that is taken care of and we return to our regular lives. Nothing changes.

But after the Florida killings a group of kids stood up. They demanded to be heard, not as victims but as advocates. They refuse to be pandered to and then dismissed. They are doing something we are not used to. They are acting like responsible adults, in sharp contrast to our so-called leaders. I do not know if they will succeed in any meaningful way. The $30 million a year that the NRA spends to buy politicians is a huge obstacle and they and their co-conspirators are masterful at turning what should be a rational discussion about how to make us all safer into a culture war.

Wayne LaPierre, head of the National Rifle Association, said that those calling for gun control after the school shooting in Parkland, Fla., “hate individual freedom" and were involved in a socialist plot "to eradicate all individual freedoms.” Just the kind of considered, thoughtful discussion that we need when confronting the scourge of 30,000 deaths a year.

Is it hating freedom to want to save all those lives? Is it hating freedom to want children to be safe? Is it hating freedom to not want to see another grieving father or distraught mother?

What does it say about us if we need to have a gun to feel free? What does it mean to be free? More than 20 years ago after a mass shooting, Australia banned most guns and instituted a mandatory buyback program. Since then there have been no mass shootings in Australia. I have been to Australia, walked its streets, hiked its country side, talked to its citizens. I did not discern a lack of freedom. If freedom means being able to travel where you want, vote in elections, read what you please and speak your mind freely than these people are free. And there is no greater freedom than feeling safe while living your life. If you need a gun to make you feel free maybe you need a different kind of help.

Will the kids from Florida and their supporters effect meaningful change? It is unlikely. At best they will get some window dressing measures - raising the age to purchase to 21, prohibiting bump stocks, etc - that are unlikely to reduce the violence significantly. There are already over 300 million guns in the country so it is not like there will be a supply shortage.

There are two models to look to that might hold some promise. Things that have actually made a difference in other areas that might be applicable to gun violence. One is to make gun violence (not guns) a public health issue. It is not about the second amendment or freedom or rural vs urban or red vs blue. It is about saving people's lives, children's lives. The model here is smoking. If 25 years ago you had told most people that smoking would be banned in virtually every public building, restaurant, office, bar and park in the country they would have thought you delusional. Yet in spite of the nearly unlimited resources of big tobacco companies it has happened; smoking has declined dramatically and millions of lives have been saved. The same needs to be done for the violence caused by guns. Like the gun issue, smoking advocates tried to characterize it as about individual rights and personal freedom. That didn't fly then, and the same approach needs to be applied to gun violence.

A second model is automobiles and driving. Just like cars and drivers, guns and their owners should be registered, tested, licensed, inspected regularly and most importantly insured. The insured part is critical. Insurance companies for all their greed, bureaucracy, and bad service have driven life saving measures such as seatbelts, air bags, child safety seats and ABS brakes. If liability insurance was required for gun owners as coverage for any death or injury resulting from the weapons they own, you can bet that trigger locks would be mandatory, smart gun technology common and fewer deaths would occur. Traffic fatalities have declined for many years on American roads. It is time to do the same for America's schools and streets.
​
You don't have to hate freedom to want to save lives.
 
​

Things I Miss

Tom Paxton is fond of saying that it's OK to look back as long as you don't stare. I'm trying not to stare and actually am not much into nostalgia but there are a few things I miss.

I miss having a full head of dark wavy hair.

I miss lying in the hay up under the eaves of our barn listening to the rain on the metal roof.

I miss all the dogs and cats that have shared my life. I even miss the goldfish I inherited from a broken home.

I miss when I believed the president and trusted the government (that ended for me in 1968).

I miss being young and stupid and believing I was immortal.

I miss driving country roads very late on moon lit nights with the headlights turned off.

I miss when there were not lights everywhere and it was really dark at night and you could see the Milky Way any clear night.

I miss working in the hay field on a hot summer day and then going swimming in the creek.

I miss wanting to run everywhere.

I miss sitting on the lawn on a warm summer night and being able to identify every car that went by just from its head and tail lights.

I miss being able to stay up late and sleep till noon the next day.

I miss when I went to the gym to play games rather than for "fitness".

I miss fast cars on slow roads.

I miss a lot of musicians but no politicians.

I miss the USSR because "Russia" sounds somehow vulgar.

I miss new love and old friends.

I miss kids being free-range like the chickens are now.

I miss cars that sound like cars, not sewing machines.

I miss pickups that were trucks, not luxury barges.
​
While I miss these things, mostly I say let the past lie. Many things are better today, I mean the beer and the ice cream are way better - enough to keep me looking forward. May you do the same.
 
​

Truth
 
Truth has been much in the spotlight the last year. There has been a lot of discussion about what is true and not true and according to whom. There are discussions of facts and alternate facts and lots of fact-checking by individuals and organizations from many different points of view. The news media and others who purport to bring us the truth have been maligned and scrutinized in a way that hasn't occurred in a long time. Despite all this attention I think the words of the American humorist Josh Billings (yes the namesake for the Great Josh Billings RunAground) still prevail “As scarce as truth is, the supply has always been in excess of the demand”
 
Truth is elusive. Webster defines truth as :”the property of being in accord with fact or reality” but facts and reality are often subjective and imprecise. Webster does not elaborate about the different kind of truths that exist.  The two most common for most of us are empirical truth and philosophical truth.
 
Empirical truth relates to things that we can see, or hear or touch or measure. These are the truths, the facts that are often discussed.  It is assumed that such truths are unequivocally discernable, that there is only one possible meaning and therefore everyone should be able to see them in the same way. Doesn't work. Consider the body of evidence regarding eyewitness identification by crime victims that demonstrate the utter unreliability of such identifications.  If we think that what we see or what we remember are facts we are mistaken nearly as often as we are correct.  So much for reality. And facts change.  It was once a “fact” that stress caused ulcers, that removing tonsils would cure ear and throat infections in children and that Pluto was a planet. Some of today’s empirical facts will undoubtedly change over time.
 
Philosophical truths, which include religious truths, are things that can not be empirically proven or demonstrated in most cases.  The truths that Thomas Jefferson held to be self evident were derived from the enlightenment philosophers.  They were more aspirational than demonstrable. In an analogous manner Christians would see truth as emanating from God as when Jesus, said, "I am the Way and the Truth…”.  In these cases truth is something to be taken on faith, it is a belief.  Too often these two different kinds of truths are commingled and this is the source of some of the problems of discussing what is true.
 
I think there are a couple of different perspectives on truth that are worth considering that don't seem to be getting much attention.
 
The Nobel Laureate psychologist Daniel Kahneman is quoted as saying “when someone says something don't ask yourself if it is true. Ask what it might be true of.”. What Kahneman is suggesting I think, is to look beyond the veracity of the initial statement for the deeper meaning behind the statement. Consider the case of President Clinton when he said that he did not have sex with Monica Lewinsky.  The statement, as we soon learned, was not true.  But what lies (pun intended) behind that statement?  Is there a different truth that is revealed?  We can not know for sure but we can speculate that the truth that Clinton feared was the consequences of publicly admitting his infidelity to his wife and to the country more than the possibility of being caught in a lie.. Another truth might be that Clinton’s position of power made him think the rules did not apply to him.  This is all too typical of people of wealth, power and privilege from Wall Street traders to corporate executives to political leaders.
 
So when the leader of North Korea says that he will destroy the United States consider not just whether North Korea has the capability and the reason to carry out such a threat but what might compel him to say such a thing.  What is the truth behind that statement? It might be that Kim Jong Un is paranoid or that there is a reason for him to be afraid or that he is engaging in the time-honored practice of rallying domestic support by enlarging the threat of a foreign enemy. This latter possibility is something that authoritarian figures have done throughout time and continues today. It is one way of viewing many of the statements and making sense of the truth of the current occupant of the American White House. Many of the things that he says may have more to do with diverting attention from another vexing issue or retaining support from key constituents then the actual facts of the statement made.
 
You might ask, how  leaders can get away with repeatedly stating obvious untruths? That leads to my second point. Facts do not exist in isolation but in context.  As anyone who has worked in a large office can attest, everyone may agree with the empirical fact that the thermometer reads 69 but some people will say that it is too cold while others will maintain it is too warm.  And for many their answer will be different in the summer than in the winter. So context is critical to what is perceived to be true and the most important, the most persuasive context are our beliefs. Yuval Noah Harari in his book “Homo Sapiens” notes that Spanish conquerors in the New World put it this way, “A single Priest does the work of a hundred soldiers” meaning that if you can get people to accept your beliefs they will be compliant and the need for coercion is diminished.  This trait is not limited to religion, political and cultural values are just as effective.  
 
The convergence of these three realms - religion, culture and politics - creates an environment where people not only create their own truth but often ignore their own self interest.  I have heard people remark in bewildered frustration about how some people can support politicians who advocate taking away their health insurance or providing tax cuts to the wealthy that they themselves will never benefit from.  Issues such as abortion and gun control are highly emotional issues that transcend facts, self interest or compromise. Cultural and religious beliefs and values become the prism through which we “see” reality.  The aforementioned Daniel Kahneman and many other researchers may shown the power of things such as confirmation bias and priming on people’s ability to perceive facts and the behavior they exhibit.
 
It is useful to remember that we are all susceptible to the influence of our beliefs on what we perceive and how we act.  It is not limited to “other people” i.e. those with whom we disagree on an issue.  For example, I believe that economic inequality in the US is unfair and is harmful to the nation.  Therefore, based on my beliefs, I support higher wages for workers and a more progressive (higher) tax rate even though such policies would likely cost me money due to higher prices and higher taxes.  Yes, I am prepared to vote against my own self interest.  So like abortion or guns I can be a values driven voter. But self interest does not drive all our actions.  In fact most acts of charity, kindness and respect are not necessarily in our material self interest and yet they are often our most satisfying and rewarding experiences.   
 
As we debate truth, facts, alternative facts and such, remember the words of that great American philosopher Tommy Smothers (he was the "dumb" one).  "Truth is what you get other people to believe".  And so it is in religion and politics.
​

Nothing Left to Say
 
Las Vegas.: another tragedy; more carnage; more bodies and destroyed lives.  Another "law biding" citizen with military weapons. The endless media coverage would have you think this is an unusual event but it is only unusual in that all the deaths occurred in one place.  On average every day 93 people die by the gun in this country. Yes every day and 7 of them are children.  And we accept that as normal.  Just another day in America.
 
I have nothing left to say.  It has all been said and nothing changes. They say the definition of insanity is doing the same thing over again and expecting different results.  Every time it is more guns will make us safer and more people die.  We seem to all be crazy.
 
I wrote the following poem after another mass killing but felt the need to share it now.
 
The Price to Be Free
                                                                                                                                               
This time twenty eight
This time Newtown
This time a tow headed boy, a curly headed little girl
This time a five year old, a child of six
This time a teacher, a mother, a lover
 
Every time they say it’s not the guns
Every time they say it’s not the bullets
Every time they say it’s not the hate
Every time they say it’s not the yelling and the lies
Every time they say it’s not the line in the sand
Every time they say it’s not the wars
 
Every time they tell us it is the price to be free
 
Last time it was Oak Creek
Last time it was only six
Last time it was Aurora
Last time it was a dozen
Last time it was a father, a mother, a daughter
Last time was supposed to be the last time
But every time there is a next time
 
Every time there are the screams
Every time there are the tears
Every time there are the hollow eyes and the fear
Every time there are the bodies
Every time there are the pious empty words
Every time there are the guns
 
Every time they tell us it is the price to be free
 
​

Charlottesville
 
A friend asked if I was going to write something about Charlottesville.  I said, no, that it was too raw, too soon to have a real perspective.  And then I couldn't stop thinking about it.
 
First and foremost Charlottesville was an outrage and a tragedy.  But there is a new tragedy every day.  It is endless, ceaseless. We are numb from it.  How do you sustain outrage day after day?  It is the new normal.  Outrageous people have made it commonplace and almost acceptable.
 
It is somehow how apropos that this took place in Charlottesville, Virginia the home of what Thomas Jefferson called his most important contribution, the University of Virginia.  When we visited a few years ago you could walk around the main quad that Jefferson had laid out and which remains to this day the way he designed and built it.  A place for learning, principled discussion.  A space for peace and reflection.  The very seat of the Enlightenment in America.
 
Yet this place embodies at its core the central contradiction of Jefferson and of our nation.  How could a person write such impassioned, stirring words - "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" and simultaneously possess other human beings thereby depriving them of any semblance of liberty or equality?  It is also probable that Jefferson was a rapist, at least by modern standards.  He began his "affair" with Sally Hemmings when she was 15 or 16 years old, too young for consent - as if a slave could refuse.
 
This contradiction is mirrored in the nation.  People speak of liberty and freedom but mostly they mean freedom for their group and to do what they want to do regardless of the impact on others.  We all speak the words but mostly live in our little enclaves; closed worlds of like minded people.  Too often freedom comes down to being free to denigrate, discriminate or hate. 
 
It is worth remembering what precipitated the Charlottesville events.  The "Unite the Right" gathering was to protest the city's plan to remove a statute of Robert E Lee and rename the park from Lee Park to Emancipation Park.  After 150 years the Civil War continues. The South lost the war but largely won the peace through a concerted campaign of Jim Crow, lynchings and violence and continuing to today's efforts for state rights (at least where they find it useful), voter suppression and reverence for the "heroes" of the Civil War.
 
Think of those Civil War monuments, of what could have been done.  Consider as an alternative how Germany has handled the Nazi memorials.  Germany banned the swastika from public life. And since 1945, its government has worked to systematically get rid of Nazi-era memorials and architecture. Nazi officials were buried in unmarked graves. Swastikas were ground off buildings. Monuments and statues from the Third Reich were torn down. And most importantly the monuments and statues that were retained have been used as vehicles to educate people and especially children about the horrors of the Nazi regime.  I have heard many people justify the retention of Civil War monuments and the use of the Confederate flag as honoring those who fought, those who died and as part of their history and heritage.  I have yet to hear one person use those monuments as a vehicle to discuss the horrors of slavery, to explain how the economy and prosperity and wealth was built on forced labor, of the crime of succession and the traitors to the nation who tore the country apart, of how the actions of these historic figures resulted in a war that took nearly 1 million American lives, of the use of "state's rights" as a cover for racism and discrimination.  If Germany had taken our approach there would be statutes of Hitler, Goring, Gobbelels and Eichmann and the children would be learning about their glorious Nazi heritage.
 
So the war never ends, we know no peace, " A thousand people in the street...Mostly saying, 'hooray for our side'"
 
We know not what we do.

Lady in the Harbor
 
Somehow the 4th of July and hearing Joe Jencks perform his song "Lady of the Harbor" soon after triggered this dream about the Statue of Liberty:
 
The Lady of the Harbor stands tall and proud, a sentinel to those who would be free, raising her torch above the glistening sea.  I look down on her from a tower above.  I see peace and love.
 
But in the air the whispers say,  "they are not like me, they are different, they do not belong".  Voices of hate and fear. 
 
From the Lady a tear slowly forms and rolls down her steel cheek until it adds its salt to the sea.  Like a mother crying for her lost children.
 
The whispers grow louder becoming shouts, demanding action.  There are raids and roundups.  With each brick in the wall, each knock on the door, Her flame grows fainter fading into the night, lost in the sea. Finally it is extinguished and gone.  Darkness descends.  Darkness prevails.
 
But the voices are not done.  The words are co-opted, shouted and screamed, turned on themselves until truth and reason disappear with the light.  On the Lady's plaque the words on the inscription grow faint.  The "huddled masses" are not needed, have been replaced - the words are erased.  "Yearning to breathe free" is too dangerous - deleted.   The wretched, the homeless are wanted no more.  They are invisible like the words on the plaque.  Finally the plaque is blank and follows the tear into the sea. Swallowed by the same darkness.
 
Then someone says that the Lady is un-American. At first there is a gasp but the refrain is repeated and repeated, louder and louder.  This new word travels fast. The case is made.  She is a foreigner, worse she is French, she is undocumented, she is unrepentant, she is colorblind. She is dangerous, the children will learn the wrong lessons.  She must be removed, deported. 
 
They celebrate her departure. 
 
As I watch the people who drove the Lady away build a barrier. Perhaps it is to wall themselves in, to protect the rest of the world from them.   They are free to hate, to be alone with their weapons, alone with their fear.
 
Inscription:
Your huddled masses, yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore, Send these, the homeless, tempest tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door. by Emma Lazarus
 
​